Marilyn Monroe's career as an actress spanned 16 years. She made 29
films, 24 in the first 8 years of her career.
Born as Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926 in Los Angeles
General Hospital, her mother, Gladys, listed the fathers address as unknown.
Marilyn would never know the true identity of her father.
Due to her mother's mental instability and the fact that she was
unmarried at the time, Norma Jeane was placed in the foster home of Albert and
Ida Bolender. It was here she lived the first 7 years of her life.
"They were terribly strict...they
didn't mean any harm...it was their religion. They brought me up
harshly."
In 1933, Norma Jeane lived briefly with her mother. Gladys begin
to show signs of mental depression and in 1934 was admitted to a rest home in
Santa Monica. Grace McKee, a close friend of her mother took over the care of
Norma Jeane. "Grace loved and adored her", recalled one of her co-workers.
Grace, telling her..."Don't worry, Norma Jeane. You're going to be a beautiful
girl when you get big...an important woman, a movie star." Grace was captivated
by Jean Harlow, a superstar of the twenties, and Marilyn would later say..."and
so Jean Harlow was my idol."
Grace was to marry in 1935 and due to financial difficulties,
Norma Jeane was placed in an orphanage from September 1935 to June 1937. Grace
frequently visited her, taking her to the movies, buying clothes and teaching
her how to apply makeup at her young age. Norma Jeane was to later live with
several of Grace's relatives.
"The world around me then was kind
of grim. I had to learn to pretend in order to...I don't know...block the
grimness. The whole world seemed sort of closed to me...(I felt) on the outside
of everything, and all I could do was to dream up any kind of
pretend-game."
In September 1941 Norma Jeane was again living with Grace when
she met Jim Dougherty, 5 years her senior. Grace encouraged the relationship and
on learning that she and her husband would be moving to the East Coast, set in
motion plans for Norma Jeane to marry Dougherty on June 19, 1942.
"Grace McKee arranged the marriage
for me, I never had a choice. There's not much to say about it. They couldn't
support me, and they had to work out something. And so I got married."
Dougherty joined the Merchant Marines in 1943 and in 1944 was
sent overseas. Norma Jeane, while working in a factory inspecting parachutes in
1944, was photographed by the Army as a promotion to show women on the assembly
line contributing to the war effort. One of the photographers, David Conover,
asked to take further pictures of her. By spring of 1945, she was quickly
becoming known as a "photographers dream" and had appeared on 33 covers of
national magazines.
In the fall of 1946 she was granted a divorce...later saying,
"My marriage didn't make me sad, but it didn't make me happy either. My husband
and I hardly spoke to each other. This wasn't because we were angry. We had
nothing to say. I was dying of boredom."
On July 23, 1946 she signed a contract with Twentieth
Century-Fox Studios. She selected her mother's family name of Monroe. From this
point on she would be known as Marilyn Monroe to all her fans. She had a minor
part in the movie "Scudda-Hoo! Scudda-Hay! and was dismissed as a contract
player in August. Rehired in 1948, Marilyn sang here first song in the movie
"Ladies of the Chorus".
Johnny Hyde, of the William Morris Agency, became her mentor and
lover in 1949. Also, in 1949, Marilyn agreed to pose nude for a calendar. A fact
that was to stir controversy later in her career as a superstar.
"Hollywood is a place where they'll
pay you a thousand dollars for a kiss and fifty cents for your soul"
Her first serious acting job came in 1950 when she had a small
but crucial role in "The Asphalt Jungle" and received favorable reviews. "Clash
By Night" in 1952 earned her several favorable notices...Alton Cook of the New
York World-Telegram and Sun wrote..."a forceful actress, a gifted new star,
worthy of all that fantastic press agentry. Her role here is not very big, but
she makes it dominant." Monroe's first leading part in a serious feature was to
be in "Don't Bother to Knock", also filmed in 1952.
Marilyn met Joe DiMaggio in early 1952, she was 25 and he was
37. DiMaggio, recently retired from baseball, had expressed a desire to meet
this famous star. By February the romance was in full bloom.
"I was surprized to be so crazy
about Joe. I expected a flashy New York sports type, and instead I met this
reserved guy who didn't make a pass at me right away! He treated me like
something special. Joe is a very decent man, and he makes other people feel
decent, too!"
In 1952 Marilyn began filming "Niagara" with Joseph Cotten...a
film that was to establish her stardom. After her next big film, "Gentlemen
Prefer Blondes", she and Jane Russell signed their names and placed their hands
and feet in the wet cement in front of the Chinese Theatre on Hollywood
Boulevard...the same place she had visited with Gladys and Grace years earlier
as a child.
"I want to be a big star more than
anything. It's something precious"
Fox suspended Marilyn in 1954 for failure to appear on the set
of "Pink Tights". The studio had refused to let her look at the script prior to
accepting the part. She felt that due to her star status, she should have the
right to script approval.
On January 14 Joe and Marilyn were married. The wedding captured
the headlines worldwide. Joe was an extremely jealous type of guy and resented
her popularity among other men. He desired a housewife, not a star of such
magnitude...the marriage was in trouble from the beginning.
"I didn't want to give up my career,
and that's what Joe wanted me to do most of all."
She was asked to go on a USO tour of Korea in February to
entertain the troops, beginning on the 16th for four days. She entertained over
60,000 soldiers, many who had never seen a Monroe film...having been in the
service during her rise to stardom... most had seen still photos of her in many
magazines and newspapers. She was a huge success. Joe did not accompany her on
this trip...explaining, "Joe hates crowds and glamour."
"...standing in the snowfall facing
these yelling soldiers, I felt for the first time in my life no fear of
anything, I felt only happy."
On May 29, Marilyn began filming "There's No Business Like Show
Business". Throughout the summer she was ill with bronchitis and anemia. For the
first time, Marilyn began showing serious side-effects of the many sleeping
pills she had been taking for the last few years...often groggy, lethargic and
crying on the set.
The famous "skirt blowing" scene from the "Seven Year Itch" ,
filmed in 1954 was to be a hit with both amateur and professional photographers.
Several hundred, along with 2000 spectators gathered outside the Trans-Lux
Theater in New York City in the early morning hours of September 15th to see and
record her as she posed for over two hours for her adoring fans.
In the fall of 1954 Marilyn and Joe separated...later to
divorce. On October 6, Jerry Giesler made a press announcement and stated "...as
her attorney, I am speaking for her and can only say that the conflict of
careers has brought about this regrettable necessity." With the press hounding
her, Marilyn answered in a choked voice, "I can't say anything today. I'm sorry.
I'm sorry."
"When I married him (Joe), I wasn't
sure of why I married him, I have too many fantasies to be a housewife."
In early 1955 Marilyn again returned to
New York and joined the Actors Studio, in pursuit of becoming a serious actress.
There she met Lee Strasberg, head of the Studio and drama coach. Mr. Strasberg
and his family would play an important role in her life.
She was to renew her acquaintance with Arthur Miller and have an affair with
him before their marriage over a year later. To Marilyn, Miller represented the
serious theater and an intellect that she found attractive. To Miller, years
later..."It was wonderful to be around her, she was simply overwhelming. She had
so much promise. It seemed to me that she could really be a great kind of
phenomenon, a terrific artist. She was endlessly fascinating, full of original
observations...there wasn't a conventional bone in her body."
Marilyn returned to Hollywood in February 1956, after over a years absence,
to film "Bus Stop". After completing the film she returned to New York in June.
Miller also returned to New York after obtaining a divorce in Reno, Nevada. They
where married June 29 in White Plains, NY.
The Millers departed for London soon after their marriage so that Marilyn
could start production on "The Prince and the Showgirl" with Lawrence Olivier.
As early as July, Arthur began to have doubts about the marriage. Sidney Skolsky
remarked that..."Miller looked on Marilyn strictly as an ideal and was shocked
to discover that she is a human being, a person, even as you and I and maybe
Miller."
"Bus Stop" opened in London in October 1956. A Times review said..."Miss
Monroe is a talented comedienne, and her sense of timing never forsake her. She
gives a complete portrait, sensitively and sometimes even brilliantly conceived.
There is about her a waif-life quality, an underlying note of pathos which can
be strangely moving."
"It's not that I object to doing musicals
and comedies...in fact, I rather enjoy them...but I'd like to do dramatic parts
too."
Marilyn Monroe did not return to Hollywood until 1958 to make "Some Like It
Hot" with Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis. Her health continued to deteriorate due
to increased dependency on drugs and involvement in an unhappy marriage. She
often came to the set late and was unable to remember her lines. Director, Billy
Wilder later said..."Anyone can remember lines, but it takes a real artist to
come on the set and not know her lines and yet give the performance she did."
Her next film "Let's Make Love" proved to be an unremarkable film with much
publicity over her brief affair with co-star Yves Montand.
"I am invariably late for
appointments...sometimes, as much as two hours. I've tried to change my ways but
the things that make me late are too strong, and too pleasing."
Early in 1960, Marilyn was consulting with Dr. Ralph Greenson, a prominent
psychoanalyst to Hollywood stars. As common during this period, he relied
heavily on drug therapy...routinely prescribing barbiturates and tranquilizers
in addition to his psychotherapy.
July 1960 marked the start of filming "The Misfits"...a short story by Arthur
Miller adapted for film. While on location the Millers lived in separate
quarters and were barely speaking. Meanwhile, pills for Marilyn were regularly
flown in from her Los Angeles doctors, including Dr. Greenson. Allan Snyder
recalled..."It took so long to get her going in the morning that usually I had
to make her up while she lay in her bed." But once again, she managed to give an
exceptional performance.
"Everybody is always tugging at you.
They'd all like a sort of chunk out of you. I don't think they realize it, but
it's like "grrrr do this, grrrr do that..." But you do want to stay
intact...intact and on two feet."
On November 5th, the day after "The Misfits" was completed, co-star Clark
Gable suffered a serious heart attack and died on November 16, 1960. Marilyn
felt a great deal of guilt, commenting..."I kept him waiting...kept him waiting
for hours and hours on that picture."
Evelyn Moriarty remembered..."Marilyn was being blamed for everything. All of
her problems were exaggerated to cover up for Director Huston's gambling and the
terrible waste of money on that production. It was easy for her to be made the
scapegoat."
Marilyn divorced Arthur Miller in January of 1961, the same month that "The
Misfits" was released. Another unhappy marriage was terminated.
"Mr. Miller is a wonderful man and a
great writer, but it didn't work out that we should be husband and wife."
In 1961 Marilyn purchased a house in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles. At
the urging of her psychoanalyst, Dr Greenson, she hired Eunice Murray as
housekeeper. Murray, calling herself a nurse, had neither the training or
credentials. It is suspected that she was a "spy" for Dr. Greenson who continued
to have more and more control over Marilyn's life, seeing her almost daily when
she was in Los Angeles.
A reported affair with John F. Kennedy began in late 1961. At the President's
gala birthday celebration in Madison Square Garden on May 19, 1962, Marilyn sang
her now famous "Happy Birthday" tribute to JFK. The Attorney General, Bobby
Kennedy was also reported to have had an affair with Marilyn shortly before her
death.
Marilyn began production on "Somethings Got to Give" in April 1962. Much has
been said about her inability to show up on the set and her trip to New York for
the Presidents birthday celebration...but her illnesses had been well documented
by physicians and she had obtained permission from the Studio well in advance of
the trip to New York.
"I feel stronger if the people around me
on the set love me, care for me, and hold good thoughts for me. It creates an
aura of love, and I believe I can give a better performance."
The Studio was deeply in debt over their production of "Cleopatra" starring
Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. The filming was way behind schedule and
costing millions over budget. It is theorized, if Fox scrapped the Marilyn
Monroe film with far fewer expensive sets and actors, they possibly could be
reimburse by the insurance company for losses due to a star's illness, and
recoup monies spent. Fox fired Marilyn and filed suit against Marilyn Monroe
Productions on June 7, but the suit was later dropped.
Marilyn had been seeing Joe DiMaggio frequently during this time and had
finally agreed to remarry him. The wedding date was set for August 8, 1962. Fox
rehired her on August 1 to complete "Somethings Got to Give" with a salary of
$250,000, which was two and a half times the original amount. Of course these
events would never come to pass due to her untimely death on August 5, 1962.
Much has been speculated about the events surrounding her death and others
involvement in it. But whatever the cause...it is highly unlikely that it was
suicide. Possibly the result of a tragic accidental drug overdose...and possibly
administered by someone other than Marilyn herself.
A saddened Joe DiMaggio made arrangements for the funeral, inviting no one
from the Hollywood scene or press...but only close friends and relatives. As he
said..."they had only hurt Marilyn." For over 20 years flowers were delivered
weekly to her crypt from Joe...just as he had promised Marilyn when she told him
of William Powell's pledge to the dying Jean Harlow.
"I knew I belonged to the public and to
the world, not because I was talented or even beautiful, but because I had never
belonged to anything or anyone else.
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